iindaba

Ubume boPhuculo lwasekhaya lweNtsalela yeeNtsholongwane

Inkunkuma eqinileyo eveliswe ngexesha lokuveliswa kwee-antibiotics yintsalela yebhaktiriya, kwaye izinto zayo eziphambili yi-mycelium ye-bacteria evelisa i-antibiotic, isiko elingasetyenziswanga, i-metabolites eveliswa ngexesha lokuvumba, iimveliso zokuthotywa kwendlela yenkcubeko, kunye nenani elincinci antibiotics, njl. Kwintsalela yentsholongwane ebila inkunkuma, ngenxa yendawo eseleyo yenkcubeko kunye nexabiso elincinci lezibulala-zintsholongwane kunye neemveliso zazo zokuthotywa, zinokuba yingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kuthathelwe ingqalelo luluntu lwamanye amazwe njengenye yeengozi eziphambili zoluntu kwimveliso yezibulala-ntsholongwane. Eli ikwalilizwe Izizathu zokuyekiswa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo zintsholongwane kumazwe athile ahambele phambili. Ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo kwiintsholongwane zebhakteria, kunokubangela ukuvumba okwesibini, umbala omnyama, ukuvelisa iphunga elibi, kunye nefuthe elibi kwindalo. Ke ngoko, ixesha elide, abantu bebefuna ngenkuthalo indlela yoqoqosho, esebenzayo, kunye nolawulo lokungcoliseka kwamandla amakhulu.

Ilizwe lam lelona lizwe livelisa nelikhupha iiAPIs kumazwe angaphandle. Ngo-2015, imveliso yee-antibiotic APIs yafikelela ngaphezulu kwe-140,000 yeetoni, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesigidi esinye seetoni zeentsalela zebhaktiriya zonyango eziza kwenziwa unyaka nonyaka. Uyiphatha njani ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uyisebenzise ngokupheleleyo intsalela yezinto eziphilayo inendawo ebanzi yentengiso. Imveliso emva konyango lokhuselo lokusingqongileyo kwintsalela yebhaktiriya inokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokulungisa umhlaba kwimveliso yempahla ekrwada, enokuthi iphucule ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-5 se-saline-alkali yomhlaba wezolimo, uphucule ubume bomhlaba, kwaye wandise ukutya kwesondlo . Itekhnoloji ehlanganisiweyo yonyango olungenabungozi kwi-biomedicine inokunyusa ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zentsalela yendalo, enezibonelelo zoqoqosho eziyinyani kunye nezibonelelo zexesha elide kwezentlalo nakwezokusingqongileyo.

Iimpawu ze-antibiotic slag

Umxholo wokufuma kweentsalela zebhakteria yintsholongwane ngama-79% ~ 92%, isiqulatho esingaxutywanga kwiproteyini kwisiseko esomileyo sentsalela yebhaktiriya ye-antibiotic yi-30% ~ 40%, isiqulatho esinamafutha aluhlaza singama-10% ~ 20%, kwaye kukho ezinye izinto eziphakathi iimveliso. Izinto zokunyibilikisa izinto eziphilayo, ikhalsiyam, nemagniziyam, ukulandelela izixa kunye isixa esincinci iintsalela iintsalela.

Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo, kwaye ukwakheka kwentsalela yebhakteria nayo yahlukile. Nkqu ii-antibiotics ezifanayo, ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo, zinezithako ezahlukileyo.

Ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ubugcisa bokulungisa imeko

Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iintsalela zentsholongwane bezisetyenziswa njengezongezo zokutya ukwenza ukutya okune-protein ephezulu. Ilizwe lam nalo lizinikele kuphando kule ndawo ukusukela ngo-1980. Izifundo zifumanise ukuba ukongeza i-antibiotic mycelium ukondla kunemiphumo emibini emihle. Kwelinye icala, inokukhuthaza ukukhula kweenkukhu kwaye inyuse imveliso, kwaye ngenxa yokuba intsalela yezixhobo zayo inokuthintela izifo ezithile, ukongeza isixa esifanelekileyo kunokunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa kokutya kunye nenqanaba lokusweleka kweenkukhu. Kodwa kwelinye icala, inani elincinci lezibulala-ntsholongwane elisele kwintsalela ye-mycelium kunye nokuthotywa kwemveliso yeebhakteria zentsholongwane ziya kutyetyiswa kwizilwanyana, kwaye abantu baya kutyetyiswa ebantwini emva kokutya, ukuze umzimba womntu ube nokukwazi ukumelana namachiza. Ngexesha lokuqala kwesifo, isixa esikhulu semilinganiselo sinokuyithomalalisa imeko kwaye sibeke emngciphekweni omkhulu impilo yabantu. Kwangaxeshanye, uninzi lweentsalela ze-mycelial zomiswa lilanga, nelingcolisa kakhulu imeko-bume engqongileyo. Ngo-2002, iSebe lezoLimo, iSebe lezeMpilo, kunye noLawulo lweeMithi kuRhulumente bakhupha isaziso esithi "Ikhathalogu yeziyobisi engavumelekanga ukuba isetyenziswe kumanzi okusela nakokusela izilwanyana" kubandakanywa neyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane. Ngokweemfuno zoMgaqo-nkqubo woThintelo loLawulo loThintelo loLawulo lweTekhnoloji ”ekhutshwe liSebe lezoKhuselo lokusiNgqongileyo ngo-Matshi 2012, isixa esikhulu senkunkuma ye-mycelial siza kubekwa njengenkunkuma eyingozi kwaye kufuneka sitshiswe okanye sigcwaliswe ngokukhuselekileyo. Kukho inqanaba elithile lobunzima kwiindleko zobugcisa nezoqoqosho zeshishini. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezikhoyo, iindleko zokulungisa zinokugqitha kwiindleko zokuvelisa.

Icandelo lezamayeza kwilizwe lam likhula ngokukhawuleza. Izigidi zeetoni zenkunkuma ebulala iintsholongwane ziveliswa minyaka le, kodwa akukho ndlela ikhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo yokunyanga. Ke ngoko, kungxamisekile ukufumana unyango olusebenzayo, olunobungqongileyo, kunye nonyango olukhulu.